pinecone vector database alternatives. Our visitors often compare Microsoft Azure Search and Pinecone with Elasticsearch, Redis and Milvus. pinecone vector database alternatives

 
Our visitors often compare Microsoft Azure Search and Pinecone with Elasticsearch, Redis and Milvuspinecone vector database alternatives Niche databases for vector data like Pinecone, Weaviate, Qdrant, and Zilliz benefited from the explosion of interest in AI applications

At the beginning of each session, Auto-GPT creates an index inside the user’s Pinecone account and loads it with a small. Alternatives Website Twitter A vector database designed for scalable similarity searches. Latest version: 0. The managed service lets. Pinecone Description. The creators of LanceDB aimed to address the challenges faced by ML/AI application builders when using services like Pinecone. Learn about the best Pinecone alternatives for your Vector Databases software needs. For 890,000,000 documents you want one. It provides fast and scalable vector similarity search service with convenient API. If you're looking for a powerful and effective vector database solution, Zilliz Cloud is. Image by Author . Pinecone has built the first vector database to make it easy for developers to add vector search into production applications. 5k stars on Github. Since launching the private preview, our approach to supporting sparse-dense embeddings has evolved to set a new standard in sparse-dense support. Both (2) and (3) are solved using the Pinecone vector database. NEW YORK, July 13, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pinecone, the vector database company providing long-term memory for AI, today announced it will be available on Microsoft Azure. Instead, upgrade to Zilliz Cloud, the superior alternative to Pinecone. Oct 4, 2021 - in Company. Pinecone can handle millions or even billions. It lets companies solve one of the biggest challenges in deploying Generative AI solutions — hallucinations — by allowing them to store, search, and find the most relevant information from company data and send that context to Large Language Models (LLMs) with every. Converting information into vectors and storing it in a vector database: The GPT agent converts the user's preferences and past experiences into a high-dimensional vector representation using techniques like word embeddings or sentence embeddings. I have personally used Pinecone as my vector database provider for several projects and I have been very satisfied with their service. Supported by the community and acknowledged by the industry. Examples include Chroma, LanceDB, Marqo, Milvus/ Zilliz, Pinecone, Qdrant, Vald, Vespa. Vector databases have full CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) support that solves the limitations of a vector library. Get started Easy to use, blazing fast open source vector database. 8 JavaScript pinecone-ai-vector-database VS dotenv Loads environment variables from . The incredible work that led to the launch and the reaction from our users — a combination of delight and curiosity — inspired me to write this post. 3. Comparing Qdrant with alternatives. Qdrant allows storing multiple vectors per point, and those might be of a different dimensionality. Dislikes: Soccer. Head over to Pinecone and create a new index. Pinecone is a fully managed vector database that makes it easy to add vector search to production applications. 3 1,001 4. Compare Milvus vs. 2. TL;DR: ChatGPT hit 100M users in 2 months, spawning hundreds of startups and projects built on a combination of OpenAI ’s APIs and vector databases like Pinecone. SurveyJS. Google BigQuery. Easy to use. Try Zilliz Cloud for free. In summary, using a Pinecone vector database offers several advantages. The Pinecone vector database makes it easy to build high-performance vector search applications. These examples demonstrate how you can integrate Pinecone into your applications, unleashing the full potential of your data through ultra-fast and accurate similarity search. I don't see any reason why Pinecone should be used. Pinecone is a vector database designed to store embedding vectors such as the ones generated when you use OpenAI's APIs. Milvus: an open-source vector database with over 20,000 stars on GitHub. In this guide, we saw how we can combine OpenAI, GPT-3, and LangChain for document processing, semantic search, and question-answering. Next ». About Pinecone. May 1st, 2023, 11:21 AM PDT. Oracle Database. Join us as we explore diverse topics, embrace hands-on experiences, and empower you to unlock your full potential. Pinecone is not a traditional database, but rather a cloud-native vector database specifically designed for similarity search and recommendation systems. Deploy a large-scale Milvus similarity search service with Zilliz Cloud in just a few minutes. It’s a managed, cloud-native vector database with a simple API and no infrastructure hassles. About org cards. 0136215, 0. Clean and prep my data. Hybrid Search. pinecone. If a use case truly necessitates a significantly larger document attached to each vector, we might need to consider a secondary database. Get Started Free. Pinecone is a managed vector database employing Kafka for stream processing and Kubernetes cluster for high availability as well as blob storage (source of truth for vector and metadata, for fault. 096 per hour, which could be cost-prohibitive for businesses with limited. Yarn. Alternatives Website Twitter The key Pinecone technology is indexing for a vector database. 3T Software Labs builds multi-platform. Elasticsearch, Algolia, Amazon Elasticsearch Service, Swiftype, and Amazon CloudSearch are the most popular alternatives and competitors. This guide delves into what vector databases are, their importance in modern applications,. Now, Pinecone will have to fend off AWS and Google as they look to build a lasting, standalone AI infrastructure company. Pinecone is a fully managed vector database with an API that makes it easy to add vector search to production applications. Chatsimple - AI chatbot. Pinecone, a specialized cloud database for vectors, has secured significant investment from the people who brought Snowflake to. It has been an incredible ride for Pinecone since we introduced the vector database in 2021. Not only is conversational data highly unstructured, but it can also be complex. To create an index, simply click on the “Create Index” button and fill in the required information. Qdrant . Unstructured data refers to data that does not have a predefined or organized format, such as images, text, audio, or video. Using Pinecone for Embeddings Search. These vectors are then stored in a vector database, which is optimized for efficient similarity. Chroma is a vector store and embeddings database designed from the ground-up to make it easy to build AI applications with embeddings. Falcon 180B's license permits commercial usage and allows organizations to keep their data on their chosen infrastructure, control training, and maintain more ownership over their model than alternatives like OpenAI's GPT-4 can provide. With its state-of-the-art design, Zilliz Cloud enables 10x faster vector retrieval, making its ability to quickly and efficiently handle large amounts of data unparalleled. Weaviate. See Software. ADS. I have a feeling i’m going to need to use a vector DB service like Pinecone or Weaviate, but in the meantime, while there is not much data I was thinking of storing the data in SQL server and then just loading a table from SQL server. The event was very well attended (178+ registrations), which just goes to show the growing interest in Rust and its applications for real-world products. from_documents( split_docs, embeddings, index_name=pinecone_index,. API Access. The Pinecone vector database makes it easy to build high-performance vector search applications. 4k stars on Github. Pinecone created the vector database, which acts as the long-term memory for AI models and is a core infrastructure component for AI-powered applications. Favorites. Alternatives to KNN include approximate nearest neighbors. The vec DB for Opensearch is not and so has some limitations on performance. Vector Database and Pinecone. Vector Similarity. pinecone the best impression and wibe, redis the best. With extensive isolation of individual system components, Milvus is highly resilient and reliable. Replace <DB_NAME> with a unique name for your database. Add company. I’m looking at trying to store something in the ballpark of 10 billion embeddings to use for vector search and Q&A. The Pinecone vector database is a key component of the AI tech stack. 009180791, -0. These examples demonstrate how you can integrate Pinecone into your applications, unleashing the full potential of your data through ultra-fast and accurate similarity search. Description. Featured AI Tools. Sep 14, 2022 - in Engineering. About Pinecone. Milvus vector database makes it easy to create large-scale similarity search services in under a minute. Can add persistence easily! client = chromadb. Compare Qdrant to Competitors. We did this so we don’t have to store the vectors in the SQL database - but we can persistently link the two together. openai import OpenAIEmbeddings from langchain. 1% of users utilize less than 20% of the capacity on their free account. 1). Pinecone recently introduced version 2. Chroma. Milvus. Although Pinecone provides a dashboard that allows users to create high-dimensional vector indexes, define the dimensions of the vectors, and perform searches on the indexed data but lets. 🚀 LanceDB is a free and open-source vector database that you can run locally or on your own server. Now with this code above, we have a real-time pipeline that automatically inserts, updates or deletes pinecone vector embeddings depending on the changes made to the underlying database. Pinecone's competitors and similar companies include Matroid, 3T Software Labs, Materialize and bit. A managed, cloud-native vector database. . Generative SearchThe Pinecone vector database is a key component of the AI tech stack, helping companies solve one of the biggest challenges in deploying GenAI solutions — hallucinations — by allowing them to. While a technical explanation of embeddings is beyond the scope of this post, the important part to understand is that LLMs also operate on vector embeddings — so by storing data in Pinecone in this format,. text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter from langchain. Developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable without infrastructure hassles. Both Deep Lake and Pinecone enable users to store and search vectors (embeddings) and offer integrations with LangChain and LlamaIndex. The Problems and Promises of Vectors. (2) is solved by Pinecone’s retrieval engine being designed from the ground up to be agnostic to data distribution. Not exactly rocket science. The idea and use-cases for Pinecone may be abstract to some…here is an attempt to demystify the purpose of Pinecone and illustrate implementations in its simplest form. To do so, pick the “Pinecone” connector. com · The Data Quarry Vector databases (Part 1): What makes each one different? June 28, 2023 18-minute read general • databases vector-db A gold rush in the database landscape So many options! 🤯 Comparing the various vector databases Location of headquarters and funding Choice of programming language Timeline Source code availability Hosting methods Milvus vector database has been battle-tested by over a thousand enterprise users in a variety of use cases. You can use Pinecone to extend LLMs with long-term memory. It allows you to store data objects and vector embeddings from your favorite ML-models, and scale seamlessly into billions of data objects. Create a natural language prompt containing the question and relevant content, providing sufficient context for GPT-3. pgvector using this comparison chart. English Deutsch. Developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable without infrastructure hassles. By. Pinecone is another popular vector database provider that offers a developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable platform for building high-performance vector search applications. Auto-GPT is a popular project that uses the Pinecone vector database as the long-term memory alongside GPT-4. a startup commercializing the Milvus open source vector database and which raised $60 million last year. That is, vector similarity will not be used during retrieval (first and expensive step): it will instead be used during document scoring (second step). Pinecone has the mindshare at the moment, but this does the same thing and self-hosed open-source. . Run the following code to generate vector embeddings and insert them into Pinecone. io (!) & milvus. Description: Pinecone is a vector database that provides developers with a fully managed, easily scalable solution for building high-performance vector search applications. Example. Faiss is a library — developed by Facebook AI — that enables efficient similarity search. 1. pgvector provides a comprehensive, performant, and 100% open source database for vector data. Pinecone, on the other hand, is a fully managed vector database, making it easy to build high-performance vector search applications without infrastructure hassles. to have alternatives when Pinecone has issue /limitations; To keep locally an instance of my database and dataImage by Author . Pinecone supports the storage of vector embeddings that are output from third party models such as those hosted at HuggingFace or delivered via APIs such as those offered by Cohere or OpenAI. Neural search framework is an end-to-end software layer, that allows you to create a neural search experience, including data processing, model serving and scaling capabilities in a production setting. 10. Inside the Pinecone. Pinecone is the #1 vector database. md. In particular, my goal was to build a. No credit card required. We first profiled Pinecone in early 2021, just after it launched its vector database solution. Pinecone’s vector database platform can be used to build personalized recommendation systems that leverage deep learning embeddings to represent user and item data in high-dimensional space. Now, Faiss not only allows us to build an index and search — but it also speeds up. Pinecone has built the first vector database to make it easy for developers to add vector search into production applications. Pinecone is a revolutionary tool that allows users to search through billions of items and find similar matches to any object in a matter of milliseconds. Here is the code snippet we are using: Pinecone. Although Pinecone provides a dashboard that allows users to create high-dimensional vector indexes, define the dimensions of the vectors, and perform searches on the indexed data but lets. Machine Learning (ML) represents everything as vectors, from documents, to videos, to user behaviors. In this blog, we will explore how to build a Serverless QA Chatbot on a website using OpenAI’s Embeddings and GPT-3. pgvector ( 5. When a user gives a prompt, you can query relevant documents from your database to update. Firstly, please proceed with signing up for. Indexes in the free plan now support ~100k 1536-dimensional embeddings with metadata (capacity is proportional for other dimensionalities). Vespa is a powerful search engine and vector database that offers. Pinecone: Pinecone is a managed vector database service that handles infrastructure, scaling, and performance optimizations for you. Unlock powerful vector search with Pinecone — intuitive to use, designed for speed, and effortlessly scalable. Historical feedback events are used for ML model training and real-time events for online model inference and re-ranking. So, given a set of vectors, we can index them using Faiss — then using another vector (the query vector), we search for the most similar vectors within the index. Vector data, in this context, refers to data that is represented as a set of numerical values, or “vectors,” which can be used to describe the characteristics of an object or a phenomenon. Azure does not offer a dedicated vector database service. 0, which introduced many new features that get vector similarity search applications to production faster. io. README. Metarank receives feedback events with visitor behavior, like clicks and search impressions. Step 2 - Load into vector database. . Combine multiple search techniques, such as keyword-based and vector search, to provide state-of-the-art search experiences. io. Free. You begin with a general-purpose model, like GPT-4, but add your own data in the vector database. Pinecone. The response will contain an embedding you can extract, save, and use. Qdrant - High-performance, massive-scale Vector Database for the next generation of AI. Weaviate is a leading open-source vector database provider that enables users to store data objects and vector embeddings from their preferred machine-learning models. This notebook takes you through a simple flow to download some data, embed it, and then index and search it using a selection of vector databases. In the past year, hundreds of companies like Gong, Clubhouse, and Expel added capabilities like semantic search, AI. Before providing an overview of our upgraded index, let’s recap what we mean by dense and sparse vector embeddings. Pinecone created the vector database, which acts as the long-term memory for AI models and is a core infrastructure component for AI-powered applications. Deep Lake vs Pinecone. Today we are launching the Pinecone vector database as a public beta, and announcing $10M in seed funding led by Wing Venture Capital. The Pinecone vector database makes it easy to build high-performance vector search applications. ベクトルデータベース「Pinecone」を試したので、使い方をまとめました。 1. It allows for APIs that support both Sync and Async requests and can utilize the HNSW algorithm for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search. I recently spoke at the Rust NYC meetup group about the Pinecone engineering team’s experience rewriting our vector database from Python and C++ to Rust. I’m looking at trying to store something in the ballpark of 10 billion embeddings to use for vector search and Q&A. Build in a weekend Scale to millions. It enables efficient and accurate retrieval of similar vectors, making it suitable for recommendation systems, anomaly. Try Zilliz Cloud for free. The Pinecone vector database makes building high-performance vector search apps easy. Qdrant. Manage Pinecone, Chroma, Qdrant, Weaviate and more vector databases with ease. 2k stars on Github. Use the latest AI models and reference our extensive developer docs to start building AI powered applications in minutes. LlamaIndex. You'd use it with any GPT/LLM and LangChain to built AI apps with long-term memory and interrogate local documents and data that stay local — which is how you build things that can build and self-improve beyond the current 8k token limits of GPT-4. sponsored. js accepts @pinecone-database/pinecone as the client for Pinecone vectorstore. 1 17,709 8. env for nodejs projects. The minimal required data is a documents dataset, and the minimal required columns are id and values. Vespa is a powerful search engine and vector database that offers unbeatable performance, scalability, and high availability for search applications of all sizes. Cross-platform, zero-install, embedded database as a. Nakajima said it was only then that he realized that the system he had created would work better as a task-oriented. Design approach. Pinecone X. If you're interested in h. Its main features include: FAISS, on the other hand, is a…Bring your next great idea to life with Autocode. Description. Milvus is an open source vector database built to power embedding similarity search and AI applications. Startups like Steamship provide end-to-end hosting for LLM apps, including orchestration (LangChain), multi-tenant data contexts, async tasks, vector storage, and key management. We first profiled Pinecone in early 2021, just after it launched its vector database solution. Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service. Pinecone is paving the way for developers to easily start and scale with vector search. Milvus is an open source vector database built to power embedding similarity search and AI applications. surveyjs. Whether building a personal project or testing a prototype before upgrading, it turns out 99. Events & Workshops. Sold by: Pinecone. The Vector Database Software solutions below are the most common alternatives that users and reviewers compare with Pinecone. Milvus makes unstructured data search more accessible, and provides a consistent user experience regardless of the deployment environment. This is a powerful and common combination for building semantic search, question-answering, threat-detection, and other applications that rely. Pinecone is a fully managed vector database that makes it easy to add semantic search to production applications. Unlike relational databases. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Alternatives Website TwitterUpload & embed new documents directly into the vector database. Pinecone is a registered trademark of Pinecone Systems, Inc. Advertise. Explore vector search and witness the potential of vector search through carefully curated Pinecone examples. This is a glimpse into the journey of building a database company up to this point, some of the. We also saw how we can the cloud-based vector database Pinecone to index and semantically similar documents. Pinecone. It is built on state-of-the-art technology and has gained popularity for its ease of use. Pinecone doesn’t support anything similar. Streamlit is a web application framework that is commonly used for building interactive. depending on the size of your data and Pinecone API’s rate limitations. Vectra is a vector database, similar to pinecone, that uses local files to store the index and items. Elasticsearch is a powerful open-source search engine and analytics platform that is widely used as a document. Pinecone has integration to OpenAI, Haystack and co:here. Connect to your favorite APIs like Airtable, Discord, Notion, Slack, Webflow and more. 1%, followed by. . Start with the Right Vector Database. It’s lightning fast and is easy to embed into your backend server. Dharmesh Shah. As a developer, the key to getting performance from pgvector are: Ensure your query is using the indexes. A Non-Cloud Alternative to Google Forms that has it all. It lets companies solve one of the biggest challenges in deploying Generative AI solutions — hallucinations — by allowing them to store, search, and find the most relevant and up-to-date information from company data and send that context to Large Language Models. The. the s1. Alternatives. However, they are architecturally very different. Welcome to the integration guide for Pinecone and LangChain. Performance-wise, Falcon 180B is impressive. Page 1 of 61. Highly Scalable. Speeding Up Vector Search in PostgreSQL With a DiskANN. . The creators of LanceDB aimed to address the challenges faced by ML/AI application builders when using services like Pinecone. Customers may see an increased number of 401 errors in this environment and a spinning icon when accessing the Indexes page for projects hosted there on the. They index vectors for easy search and retrieval by comparing values and finding those that are most. Qdrant is a vector similarity engine and database that deploys as an API service for searching high-dimensional vectors. Other important factors to consider when researching alternatives to Supabase include security and storage. This notebook takes you through a simple flow to download some data, embed it, and then index and search it using a selection of vector databases. You begin with a general-purpose model, like GPT-4, LLaMA, or LaMDA, but then you provide your own data in a vector database. This is a common requirement for customers who want to store and search our embeddings with their own data in a secure environment to support. Pinecone is the #1 vector database. Founder and CTO at HubSpot. . Developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable without infrastructure hassles. vectra. Pure Vector Databases. Milvus. A vector as defined by vector database systems is a data type with data type-specific properties and semantics. Machine learning applications understand the world through vectors. Pinecone is the vector database that makes it easy to add vector search to production applications. I’d recommend trying to switch away from curie embeddings and use the new OpenAI embedding model text-embedding-ada-002, the performance should be better than that of curie, and the dimensionality is only ~1500 (also 10x cheaper when building the embeddings on OpenAI side). Start using vectra in your project by. Founders Edo Liberty. 25. Pinecone, the buzzy New York City-based vector database company that provides long-term memory for large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI’s GPT-4, announced today that it has raised $100. Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches — structured,. Pinecone makes it easy to build high-performance. Pinecone is a cloud-native vector database that is built for handling high-dimensional vectors. When Pinecone announced a vector database at the beginning of last year, it was building something that was specifically designed for machine learning and aimed at data scientists. As the heart of the Elastic Stack, it centrally stores your data so you can discover the expected and uncover the unexpected. Qdrant can store and filter elements based on a variety of data types and query. 5 out of 5. Jan-Erik Asplund. Step-3: Query the index. Using Pinecone for Embeddings Search. qa = ConversationalRetrievalChain. SurveyJS. Query data. With extensive isolation of individual system components, Milvus is highly resilient and reliable. Speeding Up Vector Search in PostgreSQL With a DiskANN. 5 model, create a Vector Database with Pinecone to store the embeddings, and deploy the application on AWS Lambda, providing a powerful tool for the website visitors to get the information they need quickly and efficiently. Age: 70, Likes: Gardening, Painting. In particular, my goal was to build a. Pinecone says it provides long-term memory for AI, meaning a vector database that stores numeric descriptors – vector embeddings – of the parameters describing an item such as an object, an activity, an image, video, audio file. Developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable without infrastructure hassles. The Pinecone vector database makes it easy to build high-performance vector search applications. Inside the Pinecone. It is built on state-of-the-art technology and has gained popularity for its ease of use. Last Funding Type Secondary Market. Senior Product Marketing Manager. Compare any open source vector database to an alternative by architecture, scalability, performance, use cases and costs. This documentation covers the steps to integrate Pinecone, a high-performance vector database, with LangChain,. Saadullah Aleem. Currently a graduate project under the Linux Foundation’s AI & Data division. Motivation 🔦. Now we have our first source ready, but Airbyte doesn’t know yet where to put the data. 806 followers. Choosing between Pinecone and Weaviate see features and pricing. Alternatives Website TwitterPinecone is a vector database platform that provides a fast and scalable way to store and retrieve vectors. Compile various data sources and identify valuable insights to enable your end-users to make more informed, data-driven decisions. as_retriever ()) Here is the logic: Start a new variable "chat_history" with. External vector databases, on the other hand, can be used on Azure by deploying them on Azure Virtual Machines or using them in containerized environments with Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS). Pinecone. io seems to have the best ideas. It combines state-of-the-art vector search libraries, advanced. 2. Pinecone is a fully managed vector database that makes it easy for developers to add vector-search features to their applications, using just an API. The Pinecone vector database makes it easy to build high-performance vector search applications. Elasticsearch is a powerful open-source search engine and analytics platform that is widely used as a document store for keyword-based text search. We're evaluating Milvus now, but also Solr's new Dense Vector type to do a hybrid keyword/vector search product. SQLite X. Vector databases are specialized databases designed to handle high-dimensional vector data. See Software Compare Both. The distributed and high-throughput nature of Milvus makes it a natural fit for serving large scale vector data. To store embeddings in Pinecone, follow these steps: a. It powers embedding similarity search and AI applications and strives to make vector databases accessible to every organization. Therefore, since you can’t know in advance, how many documents to fetch to surface most semantically relevant, the mathematical idea of vector search is not really applied. You can index billions upon billions of data objects, whether you use the vectorization module or your own vectors. Also available in the cloud I would describe Qdrant as an beautifully simple vector database. Pinecone is a fully managed vector database that makes it easy to add vector search to production applications. Submit the prompt to GPT-3. Suggest Edits. Company Type For Profit. Retool’s survey of over 1,500 tech people in various industries named Pinecone the most popular vector database with the lead at 20. It’s open source. And that is the very basics of how we built a integration towards an LLM in our handbook, based on the Pinecone and the APIs from OpenAI. It aims to simplify the process of creating AI applications without the need to manage a complex infrastructure. It combines state-of-the-art vector search libraries, advanced features such as. Unstructured data management is simple. Join us as we explore diverse topics, embrace hands-on experiences, and empower you to unlock your full potential. Read on to learn more about why we built Timescale Vector, our new DiskANN-inspired index, and how it performs against alternatives. Milvus vector database has been battle-tested by over a thousand enterprise users in a variety of use cases. Developer-friendly, fully managed, and easily scalable without infrastructure hassles. SAP HANA. Pinecone. Klu automatically provides abstractions for common LLM/GenAI use cases, including: LLM connectors, vector storage and retrieval, prompt templates, observability, and evaluation/testing tooling. Migrate an entire existing vector database to another type or instance. To find out how Pinecone’s business has evolved over the past couple of years, I spoke. Chroma - the open-source embedding database. Manoj_lk March 21, 2023, 4:57pm 1. Pinecone is paving the way for developers to easily start and scale with vector search. The managed service lets. Combine multiple search techniques, such as keyword-based and vector search, to provide state-of-the-art search experiences. Artificial intelligence long-term memory. init(api_key="<YOUR_API_KEY>"). « Previous. ; Scalability: These databases can easily scale up or down based on user needs. The database to transact, analyze and contextualize your data in real time. 4: When to use Which Vector database . Just last year, a similar proposition to Qdrant called Pinecone nabbed $28 million,. Pinecone. In 2020, Chinese startup Zilliz — which builds cloud. When a user gives a prompt, you can query relevant documents from your database to update. .